The three states of matter can be represented by the particle model. This model explains the properties of substances in their different states, as well as changes of state. Changes of state: ...

The origins of the hydrophobic effect are widely thought to lie in structural changes of the water molecules surrounding a nonpolar solute. The spatial distribution functions of the water molecules ...

A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between two non-metal atoms, for example carbon dioxide. Figure caption, Two atoms sharing a pair of electrons. A covalent bond happens when the positive ...

When a charged object such as a rubber balloon is brought close to a fine stream of a polar liquid, the stream is attracted toward the electrical charge. If the same charged object is brought close to ...

Chemical bonding is the force of attraction that holds atoms together to form molecules or compounds. There are two primary types of chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds. Both these bonds play a ...