Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) is a condition in which pupils respond differently to light stimuli shone in one eye at a time. This response is due to unilateral or asymmetrical disease …

An APD is best appreciated by the swinging flashlight test, which discloses differences in afferent stimuli between the two eyes. A flashlight is directed onto one pupil and then the other. The …

Afferent pupillary defect is defined as a condition caused by an incomplete optic nerve lesion or severe retinal disease, characterized by weak pupillary response to light in the affected eye …

Sep 15, 2017 · Though it is rare for a cataract to cause an APD, one study reported that in severe, unilateral cases when vision is counting fingers or worse, an APD is often observed …

A Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect is an examination finding in patients who have an asymmetric pupillary reaction to light when it is shined back and forth between the two eyes.

Apr 12, 2025 · APD occurs when one eye’s afferent pathway (retina → optic nerve → brain) is damaged, causing unequal light response between the eyes. The pupils may appear normal in …

An Afferent Pupillary Defect (APD) is caused by damage to the neuropathway connecting the eyes and the brain. Your doctor or technician will check for this by shining a handheld light into …

Jul 31, 2025 · Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD) and Absolute Pupillary Defect (APD) are two distinct clinical signs related to how pupils react to light, often indicating underlying eye or …

A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), also known as a Marcus Gunn pupil (after Robert Marcus Gunn), is a medical sign observed during the swinging-flashlight test [1] whereupon …

Sep 10, 2021 · The APD Tester makes it easier to visualize and quantify an RAPD by allowing you to view both pupils simultaneously under magnification. The device was invented by …